Died On This Date (June 15, 2011) Mae Wheeler / Popular St. Louis Jazz Singer

Mae Wheeler
May 15, 1934 – June 15, 2011

Mae Wheeler was a popular St. Louis singer who became affectionately known over the years as “Lady Jazz.”  Born in Memphis, Tennessee, Wheeler began singing in church choirs as early as the age of 4, but  soon moved to St. Louis with her family.  As she got older, Wheeler began making a name for herself at the clubs throughout the city’s storied Gaslight Quarter of the 1960s.  Over the course of her decades-long career, Wheeler shared the stage with such luminaries as Count Basie, Mitch Miller, and Pearl Bailey.  She also released two CDs.  During the mid-’90s, Wheeler launched an annual event that would eventually become known as “The Divas Show” and which showcased local young talent while raising money for charity.  Mae Wheeler passed away on June 15, 2011 following a lengthy struggle with leukemia and colon cancer.  She was 77.



Died On This Date (July 17, 1959) Billie Holiday / Jazz Icon

Billie Holiday (Born Eleanora Fagan)
April 7, 1915 – July 17, 1959

Billie Holiday was one of the of the most influential singers popular music has ever known, but sadly, she was also one of its most tragic figures. After a childhood that included the abandonment of a father, tremendous poverty, Catholic reform school, at least one rape, and time served for prostitution, Holiday began singing in local clubs for tips in order to survive. It was reportedly at one of these clubs in 1933, that she was discovered by ace talent scout, John Hammond. This lead to Holiday’s recording debut on two Benny Goodman sides later that year.  From there, Holiday was soon signed to Brunswick Records and was singing for the likes of Artie Shaw and Count Basie.   Within a decade she was being regarded as one of the most important voices in jazz.   Even though she was well on her way to fame and fortune, Holiday couldn’t shake her painful past.  In 1947 she was arrested for drug possession and served nearly a year in prison where she claims she didn’t sing one note of music.  Holiday made a triumphant return to stage less than two weeks after she was released.  It was Carnegie Hall, and by all accounts, her set was staggering.  She would again be arrested for drug possession less than a year later.   By the early 50s, Holiday was having trouble landing gigs due to her record and seemingly continued down the road of drug and alcohol abuse.  Unfortunately, her only support system seemed to be a string of abusive men she connected with through most of her adult life.  While close to death in hospital in May of 1959, the local police kept a guard at her door, raided her room and arrested her for drug possession while she lay dying.  Two weeks later, Billie Holiday was dead of cirrhosis of the liver.  She had less than $1000 to her name.

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Lady Day - The Best of Billie Holiday - Billie Holiday

Died On This Date (July 12, 1947) Jimmie Lunceford / Jazz Great

Jimmie Lunceford
June 6, 1902 – July 12, 1947

Jimmie Lunceford played the alto saxophone and lead his own swing band.  The origin of the Jimmie Lunceford Orchestra can be traced back to when Lunceford was still in high school, and within a couple of years after graduation, they were already recording and touring.  And by 1933, they were gracing the stage of Harlem’s Cotton Club where audiences ate up their fun and wildly entertaining shows.   Lunceford and his band are as revered as the greats of the swing era, Count Basie and Duke Ellington.   It was the summer of 1947 that found Lunceford on tour in Oregon, and it was after a show while signing autographs that he collapsed and died of cardiac arrest.  There has been speculation that he had actually been poisoned earlier at dinner by a restaurant owner upset that he had to serve a “negro.”  Lunceford had recently turned 45.

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The Very Best Of - Jimmie Lunceford



Died On This Date (July 12, 2003) Benny Carter / Jazz Great

Benny Carter
August 8, 1907 – July 12, 2003

benny-carterBenny Carter was a premier jazz horn player for over 60 years.  He was loved for his abilities on the saxophone, clarinet, and trumpet.  Throughout his career, he’s won numerous awards including Grammys and the National Medal of Arts.  Carter made his first recordings in 1928 and never looked back.  Over the years he’s played with the biggest names in jazz including Fletcher Henderson, Django Reinhardt and Coleman Hawkins.  As an arranger, he’s worked with Benny Goodman, Count Basie, Billie Holiday, Ray Charles, Duke Ellington and many more.    Remarkably, Carter continued working until he retired at the ago of 90.  He passed away five years later.

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Further Definitions - Benny Carter, Benny Carter and His Orchestra & Quincy Jones and His Orchestra



Died On This Date (July 10, 1987) John Hammond / Legendary Talent Scout & Producer

John H. Hammond
December 15, 1910 – July 10, 1987

Photo by Frank Driggs
Photo by Frank Driggs

John Hammond was one of the most influential men in the music business during the 20th century.  Whether as a producer or talent scout, Hammond was instrumental in the success of many of the names in music.  That list includes Bruce Springsteen, Bob Dylan, Billie Holiday, Stevie Ray Vaughan, Pete Seeger, Aretha Franklin, and Count Basie.  Hammond began his career in the early ’30s, mostly working with jazz artists, primarily helping African American musicians like Lionel Hampton and Charlie Christian land gigs in previously all-white bands.  In 1938, Hammond put together the first of the groundbreaking From Spirituals To Swing concerts that included the biggest names in jazz, blues and gospel.  Taking place at Carnegie Hall, it was reportedly the first significant concert by a racially mixed group of performers in front of a racially mixed audience.  The albums documenting the shows are now considered American music classics and a box set was released in 1999 thanks in part to Morgana Kennedy at Vanguard Records. In the early ’60s, Hammond was hired by Columbia Records where he signed Springsteen, Dylan, Seeger, Aretha and many others.  John Hammond passed away after a stroke at the age of 76.